What is Blueshift

Astronomy has a number of terms that sound exotic to the non-astronomer. Most people have heard of light-years and parsec as terms of distant measurements. But, other terms are more technical and may sound jargony to people who dont know a lot about astronomy. Two such terms are redshift and blueshift.Theyre used to describe an objects motion toward or away from other objects in space. Redshift indicates that an object is moving away from us. Blueshift is a term that astronomers use to describe an object that is moving toward another object or toward us. Someone will say, That galaxy is blueshifted with respect to the Milky Way, for example. It means that the galaxy is moving toward our point in space. It can also be used to describe the speed the galaxy is taking as it gets closer to ours.   Both redshift and blueshift are determined by studying the spectrum of light radiated from the object. Specifically, fingerprints of elements in the spectrum (which is taken with a spectrograph or a spectrometer), are shifted toward the blue or red depending on the motion of the object. Astronomers use the Doppler effect to measure the frequency of light waves as an object is moving with respect to the observer. The frequency is shorter as it moves toward you, and the object shows a blueshift. If the object is moving away, it shows a redshift. This shows up in spectra of stellar light as a shift in the black lines (called absorption lines) as shown here). Carolyn Collins Petersen How Do Astronomers Determine Blueshift? Blueshift is a direct result of a property of an objects motion called the Doppler effect, though there are other phenomena that can also result in light becoming blueshifted. Heres how it works. Lets take that galaxy as an example again. It is emitting  radiation  in the form of light, x-rays, ultraviolet, infrared, radio, visible light, and so forth. As it approaches an observer in our galaxy, each photon (packet of light)  that it emits appears to be produced closer in time to the previous photon. This is due to the Doppler effect and the galaxys proper motion (its motion through space). The result is that the photon peaks appear to be closer together than they actually are, making the wavelength of light shorter (higher frequency, and therefore higher energy), as determined by the observer. Blueshift is not something that can be seen with the eye. It is a property of how light is affected by an objects motion. Astronomers determine blueshift by measuring tiny shifts in the wavelengths of light from the object. They do this with an instrument that splits the light into its component wavelengths. Normally this is done with a spectrometer or another instrument called a spectrograph. The data they gather are graphed into whats called a spectrum. If the light information tells us that the object is moving toward us, the graph will appear shifted toward the blue end of the electromagnetic spectrum.   Measuring the Blueshifts of Stars By measuring the spectral shifts of stars in the Milky Way, astronomers can plot not just their movements, but also the movement of the galaxy as a whole. Objects that are moving away from us will appear redshifted, while objects approaching will be blueshifted. The same is true for the example galaxy thats coming toward us. Astronomers can determine the rate at which the Andromeda galaxy is coming toward the Milky Way by measuring its blueshift. Credit: NASA; ESA; Z. Levay and R. van der Marel, STScI; T. Hallas; and A. Mellinger Is the Universe Blueshifted? The past, present and future state of the universe is a hot topic in astronomy and in science in general. And one of the ways that we study these states is to observe the motion of the astronomical objects around us. Originally, the universe was thought to stop at the edge of our galaxy, the Milky Way. But, in the early  1900s, astronomer  Edwin Hubble  found there were galaxies outside of ours (these had actually been observed previously, but astronomers thought that they were simply a kind of nebula, not entire systems of stars). There are now known to be multiple billions of galaxies across the universe.   This changed our entire understanding of the universe and, shortly after, paved the way for the development of a new theory of the creation and evolution of the universe: the Big Bang Theory. Figuring Out the Motion of the Universe The next step was to determine where we are in the process of universal evolution, and what kind of universe we are living in. The question is really: is the universe expanding? Contracting? Static? To answer that, astronomers measured the spectral shifts of galaxies near and far, a project that continues to be part of astronomy. If the light measurements of the galaxies were blueshifted in general, then this would mean that the universe is contracting and that we could be headed for a big crunch as everything in the cosmos slams back together.   The accelerating, expanding universe, showing the influence of accelerated expansion in the most recent epochs of cosmic history. NASA/WMAP However, it turns out the galaxies are, in general, receding from us and appear redshifted. This means that the universe is expanding. Not only that, but we now know that the universal expansion is accelerating ​and that it accelerated at a different rate in the past. That change in acceleration is driven by a mysterious force known generically as dark energy. We have little understanding of the nature of dark energy, only that it seems to be everywhere in the universe. Key Takeaways The term blueshift refers to the shift in wavelengths of light toward the blue end of the spectrum as an object moves toward us in space.Astronomers use blueshift to understand motions of galaxies toward each other and toward our region of space.Redshift applies to the spectrum of light from galaxies that are moving away from us; that is, their light is shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. Sources Cool Cosmos, coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/cosmic_reference/redshift.html.â€Å"The Discovery of the Expanding Universe.†Ã‚  The Expanding Universe, skyserver.sdss.org/dr1/en/astro/universe/universe.asp.NASA, NASA, imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/features/yba/M31_velocity/spectrum/doppler_more.html. Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Individuality in the Crucible - 1063 Words

Individuality versus Conformity in Miller s The Crucible The theocratic town of Salem, in the late 1600s, not only advocated conformity but stifled individuality. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller, illustrates the conflict between conformity and individuality. Salem, a town dependent on the unity and participation, understandably teaches people from a young age to recognize the needs of the community as greater than the needs of an individual. As any unit needs something to hold it all together, Salem forces unity and social conformity through religion. Coincidentally, religion in Salem acts as the judicial system as well, making it particularly hard for individuals to rebel against the practices of the church. Therefor all†¦show more content†¦It is understandable that the young girls decide to go out in secret and dance and act silly to release all the pressure put on by society. When society labels such activities as â€Å"abominations† or â€Å"vain enjoyme nt† the girls have no other choice but blame others for their abominable behavior out of fear of punishment. If the girls were able to express their own individuality or as the people call â€Å"vain enjoyment,† the girls would not feel the need to hide their acts in the forest making it seem like their acts are shameful. In addition with a moderate amount of freedom for self-expression, the girls would not feel the same need to rebel and act out in secret. Essentially the girls truly desire freedom from judgment. Lastly, individuality allows for change and progress so that a community can grow and improve. The rules and regulations of the church need to fit the community and develop with the community as it grows, not limit its growth. Furthermore, when person goes off track it is important to have the ability to change and redirect his course to the correct path. Similarly (?)in the town of Salem, the people abuse the court system accusing innocent people of crime l eft and right leading the courts away from dealing justice. Because Judge Danforth views the law as inflexible he is not able to correct the path of justice. John Proctor is furious with the way the court system is running he says that â€Å"vengeance is walking is SalemShow MoreRelatedIndividuality Vs. Conformity In Arthur Millers The Crucible928 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible American playwright, Arthur Miller, in his play The Crucible, implies that witch hunts still exist in American society. Miller supports this claim by drawing parallels between the Salem Witch Trials and the Senator Joseph Mccarthy Trials. His purpose is to warn his readers of the dangers of mass hysteria. He uses emotional appeals and logic to convince the reader that mass â€Å"hunts† are still a danger to Americans today. The central way, however, that Miller achieves his topmost goalRead MoreAnalytical Essay for the Crucible by Arthur Miller937 Words   |  4 Pagesessay for The Crucible by Arthur Miller The Crucible by Arthur Miller is an interpretation of the Salem witch trials of 1692 in Puritan Massachusetts in which religion, justice, individuality and dignity play a vital role. These factors define the characteristics of many of the most significant characters in the play. Some of them being John Proctor, Rebecca Nurse, Reverend Hale, Danforth and many others. The Salem witch trials were a result of the lack of expression of individuality and the factRead MoreCorrupt Government Lies In 1984 And The Crucible1496 Words   |  6 PagesAll governments lie. It is the duty of the individual to uncover the truth. George Orwell and Arthur Miller warn the readers of the dangers when a corrupt government lies to their citizens to preserve their power in their texts, 1984 and The Crucible. Through their characters, the authors portray the conflict between the State’s propensity to lie and the individual’s desire for truth. Orwell depicts Winston Smith fighting against th e â€Å"lies† of the party through the use of literary techniques suchRead More Literary Comparison Of A Clock Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pages A Literary Comparison Of A Clockwork Orange and The Crucible nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The existence of evil in the world is a universal question that is often contemplated. Anthony Burgess and Arthur Miller in their novels A Clockwork Orange and The Crucible address this question of evil. One of these stories is set in the future, and the other in the past confirming the belief that the human struggle between good and evil is timeless and applies to every person in society. Throughout historyRead MoreThe Crucible with Related Text865 Words   |  4 Pagessecurity. One belongs to a group, a family, a unit, and one can also be isolated from groups and rejected from communities. Through analysis of The Crucible by Arthur Miller and the feature article, A Dangerous mind offers an insight into the concept of belonging as it is presented and substantiated through the use of literary devices. In The Crucible, belonging is explored through a theme of persecution, whereby one must conform to the rules of society in order to belong. The alternative is ali/enationRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne And John Proctor From The Crucible By Arthur Miller1585 Words   |  7 PagesIndividuality versus Society Since the beginning of society, people have battled over personal liberty and individual rights versus the duty of the government to regulate society. Nathaniel Hawthorne and Arthur Miller both wrote about these conflicts. Hester Prynne from The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and John Proctor from The Crucible by Arthur Miller shared the same attributes and feelings towards things that affected their reputations. Both characters from the novels lived in the PuritanRead MoreEssay On Conformity In The Crucible988 Words   |  4 Pagesplay, The Crucible; a story of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. In this case, because people conformed to what people around them were saying and doing--accusing people of witchcraft and executing them--twenty two lives were lost. After considering how the events of The Crucible portray conformity and the place in society conformity occupies, it becomes quite clear that conformity, while it has it virtues, can result in many societal issues that can be easily addressed. In The Crucible, almost allRead MoreThe Crucible - Belonging Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesThey struggle with their identity as they make the choice whether to reject the individuality and belong to a community or group. When individuals seek to belong and rigidly follow society’s norms and practices, they must adhere to the strict rules of their society. In doing do, the desire to belong comes into conflict with the need to be an individual. These ideas are powerfully evident in Arthur Miller’s play â€Å"The Crucible†, â€Å"Catcher in the Rye† by J.D Salinger and the Gurinder Chadha film â€Å"Bend itRead More The Problems of Individuallity and Conformity Within a Society1688 Words   |  7 Pagespersecution and express their thoughts and opinions. This founding principle led American society to pull away from conformity and pushes for individuality. Many family TV shows and several media outlets propagate individuality as a source of pride and evi dence of personal growth. 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Lord of the Flies Chapter Summaries free essay sample

Piggy finds a conch shell and shows Ralph how to blow it. The sound of the shell calls the boys together for assemblies and to discuss important matters. At each assembly, the boy holding the conch is the only one allowed to speak. At the assembly, Jack, Simon, and Ralph decide to explore the island. They confirm their suspicions that they are on an island. Towards the end of chapter one, the three explorers find a trapped pig. Which Jack is unable to catch and the pig gets away. Important quote: â€Å"I dont care what [you] call me as long as [its not] what they used to call me in school They used to call me Piggy! Analysis: Said by Piggy, this quote reveals his unhappy past, where he was bullied because of his chubby, â€Å"nerdy† appearance. Predictions: There will be a breakout of chaos later in the story. The island is a remote place that has many unknown factors, while the boys are not under adult’s supervision. These boys are young and inexperienced. In fact they could be in the stage of adolescence, the period of rebellious hormones, so they could be quite reckless and tend to fight for attention. Particularly some may have a stronger tendency to compete for leadership, like in this case with Ralph and Jack. Connections: This book reminds me of public schools in Vietnam, where students judge their peers base on social status and appearance, everybody belongs to different gangs. They all have leaders like Ralph, but also the bullied ones like Piggy. Settings in Lord of The Flies could also be related to other survival books like Robinson Crusoe where the main characters are isolated out in the wilderness. Evaluation: This chapter gives the readers a very good overall introduction of characters and settings. The author uses a catch, to make the audience wanting to read further more to see what will happen to the boys and their fate. Visualization: I pictured the island with sandy and rocky beaches, scattered with coconut trees. The place where the boys meet transparent aquamarine scar, to the point that you can see the weed and the coral glistening under the sunlight. The place is superbly green, everywhere trees and their own creepers, there and then a rotten trunk laying sideways on the grass. Question: Where is the boys heading to in the middle of a World War? And what are they doing on the Pacific? 5 new vocabulary words: Solemn: dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises * the judge was solemn as he pronounced sentence Scurry: to move about or proceed hurriedly * so terrified by the extraordinary ebbing of the sea that they scurried to higher ground Lagoon: small salt lake nearby the sea * lagoons are used by the locals to harvest salt Conch: a type sea shell * sound could produce by blowing to the conch Emboss: raised in a relief * she just bought some fine and embossed leather Chapter 2: The three boys (Ralph, Jack and Simon) return from their exploration and call an assembly. One of the little ones mentions a snake thing, a beastie, which sends fear throughout the group. They debate its existence and determined the little ones were having nightmares. Ralph decides they need to make a fire on the mountain as a rescue signal. They use Piggys glasses to light the fire. The fire rages out of control. One of the little one dies in the conflagration (a fancy word for large fire). Piggy and Jack argue. Important quote: Weve got to have rules and obey them. After all, were not savages. Were English, and the English are best at everything†. Analysis: This quote shows the boys are still heavily influenced by civilization (England in this case), and not yet spoiled by the savagery of human nature. Predictions: It is mentioned several times in the story that Ralph’s father is a Navy commander. He may know where the boys are and rescue them. And obviously the boys will face a lot of hardships on the island, struggling to survive. Only now did the boys realize they don’t know how to create the fire. Before that, they don’t really care and just rush to building the fire immediately. Connections: Evaluation: Visualization: Question: 5 new vocabulary words: Smirking: a smile expressing smugness or scorn instead of pleasure * He’s constantly smirking Tugging: a sudden abrupt pull He’s tugging an extremely heavy object Silhouette: an outline of a solid object (as cast by its shadow) * Silhouette is the most important component of shadow play Ebullience: overflowing with eager enjoyment or approval * He screams out loud in ebullience Hush: become quiet or still; fall silent * Hush my baby! Chapter 3: Jack is obsessed with hunting pigs although he has yet to catch one. Ralph and Simon work on the shelters for the group. Everyone else plays and enjoy their time on the beach. Jack has become savage in his quest for blood, trails a pig through the thick jungle, but it evades him. Ralph and Jack argue, because their group have unable to accomplish their tasks (hunting and building shelter). Simon wanders off, helps the little ones get fruit, and continues to an isolated location. Important quote: â€Å"There’s another thing. We can help them to find us. If a ship comes near the island they may not notice us. So we must make smoke on top of the mountain. We must make a fire. Analysis: The boys are fully aware of their situation and looking for a suitable solution. They need to be rescued as soon as possible Predictions: They will have problems getting the fire to work, since they are kids. Eventually, the fire would burn out at some point in the future, by lack of maintenance. Connections: This chapter is somehow related to LOST the TV series, the episode where survivors divide their tasks, hunting and building shelters. Evaluation: Visualization: This chapter gives us a closer view towards Jack, Ralph and Simon. If I am to associate them with a color, Ralph will be yellow, with his fair hair, golden grin and good-natured humor, similar to the element of light. Jack will be red with his red-brown hair, furious eyes and hot temper, symbol for fire. Simon will be green with his gentleness and peacefulness. Question: 5 new vocabulary words: Incredulous: not disposed or willing to believe; unbelieving * She incredulously reject his intentions for the future Glisten: the quality of shining with a bright reflected light * Her eyes were glistening Vicissitudes: mutability in life or nature (especially successive alternation from one condition to another) * the project was subject to the usual vicissitudes of exploratory research Inscrutable: of an obscure of nature * the inscrutable workings of Providence, in its mysterious past it encompasses all the dim origins of life Chapter 4: Roger and Maurice bully the little ones on the beach. They are still, however, held back by rules they learned in civilization. Jack paints his face for hunting. His mask liberates him from the rules of civilization. He leads the boys on a hunting expedition. As Jack and the hunters are out, a ship passes by. Ralph realizes the hunters have let the fire go out. He races to the top, but is unable to light it in time. Jack and the hunters return with a pig. Ralph blames the Jack and the hunters for letting the fire off, and starts an argument. Jack says nothing until Piggy keeps blaming him for the fire, he then proceeds punching Piggy unconsciously. One of Piggys lenses from his glasses breaks. The boys later roast the pig and have a feast. Simon shows his kindness towards Piggy, by handing his food to him, but Jack takes it and angrily throw it back to Simon. Important quote: Roger gathered a handful of stones and began to throw them. Yet there was a space round Henry, perhaps six yards in diameter, into which he dare not throw. Here, invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life. Round the squatting child was the protection of parents and school and policemen and the law. Analysis amp; Prediction: This passage from Chapter 4 describes the beginnings of Roger’s cruelty to the little ones, an important early step in the group’s decline into savagery. At this point in the novel, the boys are still building their civilization, and the civilized instinct still dominates the savage instinct. The cracks are beginning to show, however, particularly in the willingness of some of the older boys to use physical force and violence to give themselves a sense of superiority over the smaller boys Connections: Jack’s similarity with Hitler is getting more obvious. Jack commands his own loyal group, like Hitler’s party, the Nazi. Both of them have their own target, Piggy for Jack and the Jews for Hitler. Being a soldier in WWII, Golding likely could have heard about Emil Maurice, Hitler’s personal bodyguard and one of the SS founders. It leaves the readers wondering whether or not it is a coincidence with Maurice, Jack’s choir boy. Evaluation: I like this chapter because it finally has some intense heat and situations going on. The previous chapters are more of the boys getting to know themselves and the island. Visualization: Of the picture in my head, the hunters look similar ancient hunting tribes. They both worn masks, wielded spears, had long hair and sang chants. Early hunters even drew beasts all over their bodies, hoping to scare away other beasts. Likewise, the mask has lowered their owner, at least in appearance, to the same level of that of animals. In a way, we can say that wearing a mask of Jack’s tribal design is the boy literally refusing their humane appearance. Question: Why is this island, only has green trees, birds and pigs? There should be other creatures as well, such as wolfs. 5 new vocabulary words: Obscure: not clearly understood or expressed * The stars are obscured by the clouds Carcass: the dead body of an animal, especially one slaughtered for food * The chef throws the carcass away, after taking all the meat Ungracious: lacking charm and good taste * this curt summary is not meant to be ungracious Grimace: a contorted facial expression * He grimaced when he saw the amount of chapter summaries he had to do Malevolent: wishing or appearing to wish evil to others; arising from intense ill will or hatred * failure made him malevolent toward those who were successful Chapter 5: Ralph tries to set things in order. He re-establishes rules regarding the fire and where to go to the bathroom. The subject of the beast is brought up. Jack argues the island is too small for a beast. One of the boys claims the beast comes from the sea. The boys argue. Simon suggests that they are the beast. They all make fun of him. The arguing continues. Jack storms away from the meeting with his hunters, who make horrific sounds in the darkness. Piggy begs Ralph to call them back with the conch. Important quote: â€Å"What I mean is . . . maybe it’s only us† Analysis amp; Predictions: Simon speaks these words in Chapter 5, during the meeting in which the boys consider the question of the beast. One little ones has proposed the terrifying idea that the beast may hide in the ocean during the day and emerge only at night, and the boys argue about whether the beast might actually exist. Simon, meanwhile, proposes that perhaps the beast is only the boys themselves. Although the other boys laugh off Simon’s suggestion, Simon’s words are central to Golding’s point that innate human evil exists. Simon is the first character in the novel to see the beast not as an external force but as a component of human nature. Connections: Ralph, hesitated going fully against Jack. This can be related back to the days of pre-WWII, where British leaders tried not to involve in Hitler’s invasion of Poland. They believed their actions would prevent a World war, which Hitler was going to stop at Poland. Evaluation: This chapter is quite intense. The author gives the reader more details about the fight for leadership on the island, at the same time revealing more about Ralph and Piggy, and their conversation with Simon. 5 new vocabulary words: Swell: become filled with pride, arrogance or anger * The mother was swelling with importance when she spoke of her son Pluck: the act of pulling and releasing a taut cord he plucked the strings of his mandolin Sniff: perceive by inhaling through the nose * the sick student was sniffling in the back row Immense: unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope * the Los Angeles aqueduct winds like an immense snake along the base of the mountains Decorum: propriety in manners and conduct * Your p ersonality poses great decorum Chapter 6: A plane is shot down high above as the children sleep. A dead parachutist lands on the island, stuck in the rocks and trees. Sam amp; Eric see the dead parachutist and mistake it for the beast. The boys hunt for the beast. They cant find it. Jack thinks hes found a good fort from which to throw rocks at people. After not finding the beast, Ralph notices the fire has gone out. None of the others, especially Jack, seems to care. Important quote: there was a speck among the island, a figure dropping swiftly beneath a parachute, a figure that hung with dangling limbs Analysis: It is a dead parachutist falling from the sky, the boys mistake him as the beast. Fear grows stronger among them Predictions: Though maybe not as accommodating as the shelter, the rocks form a solid place that the boys can live compare to the weak shelters that are easy to collapse. Jack also states that the rock site will make a good â€Å"fort†. Maybe it has a possible defense advantage the boys can use to fend off the beast. Connections: The boys’ attitude towards Ralph now is similar to that of a patronizing parent. They followed out of obligations, but inside they often felt rebellious about what he said. We can see Ralph desperately repeating â€Å"I’m chief† (Golding 155) to exert control over them, which is similar a parents saying, â€Å"You do what I said because I’m your mom/dad/bigger than you†, which will lead to rebellious feelings of the boys. Evaluation: This chapter is heated with tension between Ralph and Jack. Jack’s jealousy and intentions are clearer than ever. It is also filled with suspense from the fear of the beast. Surely readers is tense at the thought of what will happen next, when the boys suddenly found the beast on the mountain-top. 5 new vocabulary words: Interminable: tiresomely long; seemingly without end * This is a an interminable sermon Contemptuously: without respect; in a disdainful manner * she spoke of him contemptuously Substantial: having a firm basis in reality and being therefore important, meaningful, or considerable * They won by a substantial margin! Constrain: restrict or hold back * The principal decides to stiffen the regulations Somberly: in a somber manner (lacking brightness or color; dull) * Thats sure bad news, said Brooke, somberly Chapter 7: The hunt for the beast continues. The boys come across a pig run and Ralph sticks a boar in the nose with a spear. The boar escapes. The boys act out a pig hunt with Robert playing the part of the pig. Even Ralph enjoys the spectacle. The quest for the beast continues until evening. Jack, Ralph, and Roger agree to scale the mountain. The three boys see the dead parachutist who they mistake for the beast and run away as fast as they can. Important quote: † Ralph found himself taking giant strides among the ashes, heard other creatures crying out and leaping and dared the impossible on the dark slope: presently the mountain was deserted, save for the three abandoned sticks and the thing that bowed†. Analysis: This quote is important because it reveals the â€Å"beast†, which is made of sticks and stones. The boys have mistaken those as a scary beast Predictions: The boys will turn more and more destructive as the novel progresses. They manage to stop their dance this time without killing Robert, but who knows if they can control themselves the next time. In addition, the fact of the beast occupying the fire pyre surely must threaten the boys’ survival and growing the fear, driven the boys to savagery Connections: Simon reminds of a book I read, Silent, which deals with the mind of introverts. The author Susan Cain describes how people who are shy towards social interaction have a much more sensitive perception than others, therefore takes an overload of information when they interact with others. She denies the idea that these people are weak and easy to intimidate. Similar to what she describes, Simon are not so good in social interactions, but he possesses a great and sensitive mind. Question: Why there is such a big misunderstanding that leads to the dead of Simon? 5 new vocabulary words: Awestricken: having or showing a feeling of mixed reverence and respect and wonder and dread * in grim despair and awestruck wonder Forearm: arm in advance of a confrontation or the part of the superior limb * He quickly lift his forearm, blocking the enemy’s attack effectively Daunting: discouraging through fear His daunting speech struck fear to the kids Fumble: feel about uncertainly or blindly * He fumbled towards the door Obtuseness: the quality of lacking a sharp edge or point * His speech is full of obtuseness Chapter 8: Jack calls a meeting, insults Ralph, and asks for Ralph to no longer be chief. Nobody else agrees. Jack, embarrassed, leaves the tribe and goes into the for est. The assembly continues. Simon suggests they go up the mountain. Piggy suggests they build the fire on the beach since the beast is on the mountain. The boys gather wood. The little one sing and dance. Roger, Bill, Maurice, and other boys escape into the woods, following Jack. Simon has also disappeared into his secret spot. The hunters track down a pig and kill it. They chop off its head and offer it to the beast as a sacrifice. Flies swarm. The hunters race back to the beach to steal fire. Simon arrives at the pigs head after the hunters have left. He imagines the pigs head is speaking to him. The pigs head tells Simon he cant escape. Jacks hunters raid Ralphs camp for fire and invite the others. Important quote: â€Å"There isn’t anyone to help you. Only me. And I’m the Beast. . . . Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill! . . . You knew, didn’t you? I’m part of you? Close, close, close! I’m the reason why it’s no go? Why things are the way they are? † Analysis amp; Predictions: The Lord of the Flies speaks these lines to Simon in Chapter 8, during Simon’s vision in the glade. These words confirm Simon’s speculation in Chapter 5 that perhaps the beast is only the boys themselves. This idea of the evil on the island being within the boys is central to the novel’s exploration of innate human savagery. Evaluation: This chapter is a big ultimatum. The Lord of the Flies finally appeared and Jack is now outright opposing Ralph, proving the turning point of the ultimate confrontation of good and evil. Question: This question had been nagging in the back of my mind for a long time before this chapter. Why is Piggy so ignorant? Of all the boys, he is really an outsider, because neither he experiences the internal conflict between good and evil nor he is aware of it happening throughout the entire novel. He can always come into denial by giving an excuse when something shocking happened. A person like him, whom evil idea is totally blocked out by the aura of science and civilization, is definitely a good target for the Lord of the Flies. 5 new vocabulary words: Misguide: lead someone in the wrong direction or give someone wrong directions * The pedestrian misguided the out-of-town driver Gust: a strong current of air * the tree was bent almost double by the gust Fringe: the outside boundary or surface of something * The weaver fringed the scarf Obscene: suggestive of or tending to moral looseness * the obscene massacre at Wounded Knee Crimson: characterized by violence or bloodshed writes of crimson deeds and barbaric days Andrea Parke Chapter 9: Simon passes out and wakes up. He explores, discovers the truth about the beast, and heads immediately to the beach to tell the others. Meanwhile, all the boys have left the original camp to join Jacks hunters. Even Ralph and Piggy go. Theres a dispute. It rains. Jack and his hunters begin their chant. Simon appears from th e forest. They kill him. The dead parachutist is driven by the wind, over the boys, and out to sea. After the storm ceases, the boys gather around dead Simon as his body is washed out to sea. Important quotation: surrounded by a fringe of inquisitive bright creatures, itself a silver shape beneath the steadfast constellations, Simons dead body moved out toward the open sea. Analysis: Simon is dead, he discovered and tried to explain the truth about the mysterious beast. But he got killed because of misunderstandings. The beast is a dead parachutist. Predictions: Jack is not likely to let his tribe coexists peacefully besides Ralph’s. Ralph’s faction was really doing nothing and wouldn’t plan any hostile movements while Jack was eyeing them all the time. There could be a war and if there was one, Ralph’s side would be easier to lose because already Jack’s tribe had more people. Connections: There is striking connection between Simon and Jesus. Both loved human (the Lord of the Flies stated in his only appearance that Simon like everyone, including Jack) even though this love is not returned by everyone. They both were to deliver awakening messages to rescue human from evil but were killed by their fellow men. There were also a strange sort of crown around their heads when they died (Simon being strange shining creature gathering around his head). Before this he was also the only one in the trio of the three blind mice to sway in the possibility of a beast. Evaluation: This is an intense chapter because the Lord of the Flies had fulfilled his promise, â€Å"We shall do you? See? Jack and Roger and Maurice and Robert and Bill and Piggy and Ralph. Do you† (Golding 207). With most of the boys on Jack’s side, eating the pig whom head is sacrificed to the beast, this signal the end of spirituality and conscience on the island. Question: I wonder if Lord of The Flies do exist or he’s just a pigment of imagination is Simon’s mind? 5 new vocabulary words: Jeering: showing your contempt by derision * a jeering crowd ruins the show Inquisitive: showing curiosity * the police are proverbially inquisitive Incantation: a ritual recitation of words or sounds believed to have a magical effect * Incantation is believed to have some sort of magical effect Gibber: unintelligible talking * She gibbers†¦in silence Shriek: a high-pitched noise resembling a human cry * She shrieks out in pain! Chapter 10: Ralph, Piggy and Sam amp; Eric are the only ones left in the original tribe. Ralph and Piggy express their horror over witnessing/participating in Simons murder. Jack and his crew have taken up residence at the fort. Roger approaches and is told of one of the boys (Wilfred) being tied up and whipped. Jack and his tribe have been transformed into savages. They plot to steal fire. They raid Ralph and Piggys camp and steal Piggys glasses. Important quotation: â€Å"I know. They didn’t come for the conch. They came for something else. Ralph – what am I going to do? † Analysis: This quote shows that Jack and his hunters raid the camp just for fire. Fire is a symbol of life, and it is vital for human life and survival. And Piggy’s glass is the only thing that can create fire. Predictions: Now that Jack took away fire and created shelter within his own tribe, Ralph had lost his final advantages. Unless somehow Ralph managed to turn the table, at least getting the fire and supporters back, his faction will ceased to exist. Connections: This chapter shows the fall of goodness and the dominance of savagery on the island. Just like some post-apocalyptic movies, where human do everything they could to survive such as fighting for resources, turning them to salvage. Question: While reading this chapter, the thing that makes me wonder is how did Jack and his hunters turn into savages so fast? new vocabulary words: Snigger: a disrespectful laugh * The governor sniggers, following with crazy screams Conviction: an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence * the conviction came as no surprise Shudder: an almost pleasurable sensation of fright * The girl’s face shudders with fear Twitch: move with abrupt, seemingly uncontrolled motions * his face is twitching Luminous: softly bright or radiant * a sky luminous with stars Chapter 11: Piggy declares his intention to confront Jack and demand his glasses back. The four boys go to castle rock, conch in hand. Ralph blows the conch at the fort entrance. Ralph and Jack spar. Ralph demands Piggys glasses. Jacks savages tie up Sam amp; Eric. Piggy tries to talk sense into the savages. Roger wedges the giant rock loose. It smashes the conch and knocks Piggy off the cliff. Jack and the others throw spears at Ralph, who runs away. Important quote: The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee; the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist. Analysis: Piggy, a symbol of civilization is dead, and the conch, a symbol of democracy†¦smashed to pieces. All what is left, is the wilderness and savagery within the boys. Predictions: The next chapter is already the last one and it is likely Ralph will soon follow Simon’s and Piggy’s footsteps: murdered by his friends and have his body claimed by the ocean. Without Ralph, Simon and Piggy – all the rational ones – it will be hard for the boys to sustain themselves day to day and if they manage it, they will just forever live like an ancient tribe, blindly following the Lord of the Flies lead. The little ones, with no-one bothered to take care of them, would die. Question: Why do the hunters have to kill Piggy? That is completely insane, they could have negotiate in peace. 5 new vocabulary words: Propitiate: make peace with * The HooHooHaaHaa tribe propitiates with the WabaWabaWoo people Filthy: disgustingly dirty; filled or smeared with offensive matter * The room is as filthy as a pigsty Multitudinous: too numerous to be counted * Tony stood still in surprise, in front of him lies a multitudinous amount of human clones Tremble: a reflex motion caused by cold or fear or excitement * His hands were trembling when he signed the document Devastate: cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly He was devastated by his grief when his son died Chapter 12: Ralph flees and returns at night to speak with Sam amp; Eric who are the new guards. They warn Ralph to go away. Ralph learns the tribe will hunt him the next day like a pig. Roger is sharpening a stick at both ends. Ralph hides in a thicket. One of the twins gives away Ralphs location. They eventually fill the thicket with smoke. Ralph charges out and runs for his life. The hunters pursue. Ralph notices the island has caught fire. The hunters chase Ralph down to the beach where he finds a naval officer there to rescue them. Important quote: Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man’s heart, and the fall through the air of a true, wise friend called Piggy. Analysis amp; Predictions: These lines from the end of Chapter 12 occur near the close of the novel, after the boys encounter the naval officer, who appears as if out of nowhere to save them. When Ralph sees the officer, his sudden realization that he is safe and will be returned to civilization plunges him into a reflective despair. The rescue is not a moment of unequivocal joy, for Ralph realizes that, although he is saved from death on the island, he will never be the same. He has lost his innocence and learned about the evil that lurks within all human beings. 5 new vocabulary words: Scorch: a discoloration caused by heat * The wildfire scorched the forest and several homes Incomprehensible: incapable of being explained or accounted for * the most incomprehensible thing about the universe is that it is comprehensible Ululation: a long loud emotional utterance * he gave a howl of pain Billow: move with great difficulty * The soldiers billowed across the muddy riverbed Inimical: not friendly * Holly gave him an inimical look

Their Eyes Were Watching God 4 Essay Example For Students

Their Eyes Were Watching God 4 Essay Unlike The Odyssey or any other epic tales, Their Eyes Were Watching God has a different perspective of what a hero is. In this novel, Hurston writes a story about an African-American woman named Janie Crawford whose quest is to find her identity and desire as a human being to be loved and appreciated for who she is. Her quest to fulfill those desires is not easy since she has to overcome so many obstacles and challenges in her life. A superiority that her Nanny posses over her to determine Janies own life when she was a teenager and being a beautiful accessory to the glory of Joe Starks are some of the experience that she encounters. She also has to make some sacrifices. And yet, just like any other heroes, at the end, she returns to her home with a victory on her hands. Janie who continually finds her being defined by other people rather than by herself never feels loved, either by her parents or by anybody else. We will write a custom essay on Their Eyes Were Watching God 4 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Her mother abandoned her shortly after giving birth to her. All she had was her grandmother, Nanny, who protected and looked after her when she was a child. But that was it. She was even unaware that she is black until, at age six, she saw a photograph of herself. Her Nanny who was enslaved most of her lifetime only told her that a woman can only be happy when she marries someone who can provide wealth, property, and security to his wife. Nanny knew nothing about love since she never experienced it. She regarded that matter as unnecessary for her as well as for Janie. And for that reason, when Janie was about to enter her womanhood in searching for that love, Nanny forced her to marry Mr. Logan Killicks, a much older man that can offer Janie the protection and security, plus a sixty-acre potato farm. Although Janie in her heart never approves what her Nanny forced her to do, she did it anyway. She convinced herself that by the time she became Mrs. Killick, she would get that love, which turned out to be wrong. Nannys biggest mistake is that she never consults with Janie about what she wants in life. Janies second husband, Joe Starks, is a repeat of Janies unhappiness in marriage. At first, Janie looked at Joe as a man who would offer her an escape from her loveless marriage with Mr. Killick. She saw a promise of her a new lifestyle, adventurous and fun. But Joe, as with Nanny, was so obsessed with materialism and status. His success in re-building Eatonville to become a prosperous town made him the mayor of that town. People acknowledge his effort to get the power and wealth he has earned. They envied him because he was not only wealthy and powerful, but also he has a beautiful wife, Janie. As with the women of the town, they envied Janie because of having a great and successful husband. However, Janie was not happy. Joes success was not her success. He took all the credits for himself and never shared them with Janie. He even treated her as if she were of his trophies that he had captured, and put alongside his other possessions and displayed them to the common folk. In addition to that, he often insulted and humiliated her in front of everybody. Because of these Janie finally stood up for herself after she could no longer carry the humiliation Joe had done to her. She defied her husband, who would then die with a broken spirit. With the death of Joe Starks, Janie who is a very attractive and wealthy widow starts her new life with a new kind of freedom. She soon entered into the most rewarding relationship of her life with Tea Cake who only can offer her his guitar, his songs, and jobs in the muck of the Everglades. But that was enough for Janie to find a greater happiness toiling as a bean-picker and living in a migrant workers camp than she had in her prestigious house in Eatonville. .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1 , .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1 .postImageUrl , .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1 , .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1:hover , .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1:visited , .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1:active { border:0!important; } .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1:active , .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1 .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaf58dbd2321ebb16fd197a4f3d3be9f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ode To Nightingale By Keats Essay Unlike Joe, Tea Cakes self confidence is not combined with ambition; and unlike Joe, he can openly express his love for Janie. He accepts Janie for who she was unconditionally and always encouraged her to live for herself and helped her to find her self-respect and her true voice. In addition, Tea Cake was able to give Janie her dream of love that Joe never understood. Except God, nothing else is eternal. And for Janie that means her two years of happiness with Tea Cake is a sacrifice. A hurricane hits the town of the Everglades-and the world of Janie, Tea Cake, and those of the migrants were destroyed. In the struggle for life, Tea Cake still saved Janie and the dog that Janie wanted him to save. Unfortunately, by doing that he had to give his own life. The dog bit when he tried to save it and it infected him with a serious illness later on. A doctor came and tried to save his life. Yet, it was too late. As hopeless as he was and in the fury of his illness, Tea Cake struggled with Janie as he threatened her with the six-shooter. She defended herself with the riffle. His pistol and her rifle fired simultaneously. Tea Cake fell forward and buried his teeth in Janies forearm, as she caught him. Life is a journey. Some people complete it and return home, others do not even take the first step. Women live in a dream, they tend to forget what they dont want to remember and remember what they do not want to forget. Janie always dreamed to love, be loved and appreciated for who she was. Having been married for two years with Tea Cake fulfilled those dreams. With that, she returned to Eatonville.

Current Third Parties essays

Current Third Parties essays All throughout the American history of politics there have been two major parties, the Republicans and the Democrats. While most people can find a candidate from these groups who have the beliefs and ideals they look for in a candidate, there are always some people who want someone else to represent them in the presidential race. When enough interest is found, a third party is formed. These third parties have been a big part of American political history. Originally called the Association of State Green Parties, the Green Party was formed after the 1996 elections to fill a space in national Green politics. The American Green Party's platform is based on the following ten major ideals including ecological wisdom, community-based economics, grassroots democracy, decentralization, gender equality, personal and social responsibility, respect for diversity, nonviolence, global responsibility, and future focus. Greens are renewing democracy without the support of business donors. Initially, the partys goal was to help existing state parties grow and to promote the development of parties in all 50 states. The primary goal is still helping state parties, but also, they try to devote attention to establishing a national conservational presence in politics and policy debate while continuing to facilitate party growth and action at the state and local level. American Taxpayer Party presidential representative Howard Phillips was seen on the ballot in twenty-one states in 1992. Mr. Phillips again ran in 1996, this time appearing on ballots in thirty-nine states. At its national convention in 1999, the party officially changed its name to the Constitution Party and again chose Howard Phillips as its presidential candidate for 2000. The Constitution Party favors a government based a strict interpretation of the Constitution and the principals expressed in it by the Founding Fathers. They support a government limited in capaci...

The Crucible Act 1 Journal Entry Essays

The Crucible Act 1 Journal Entry Essays The Crucible Act 1 Journal Entry Essay The Crucible Act 1 Journal Entry Essay Essay Topic: The Crucible Journal Entry #1 Integrity is a virtue that has always been around and it is an important characteristic to have. In the play, The Crucible, Tituba finally confesses to who all saw the devil. When she fessed up, Betty, Abigail and Parris all Joined in and were being honest to Mr. Putnam. This started a whole other issue in now punishing those who encountered the devil. The virtue of integrity is still so present today in society. Integrity is to be honest about something even though it may hurt you. It is also doing he right thing even when no one is watching. In todays society, people have to have integrity. This makes other people want to trust you when you have a trustworthy quality. Sadly, it is less common now but there are still people who are full of integrity and it is such a great thing. Journal Entry #2 Abigail Williams exemplifies integrity because she admitted to Parris that she had danced and encountered the devil. She says, Uncle, we did dance; let you tell them I confessed it† and Ill be whipped if I must be. She is admitting to the fact that yes, she did dance in the woods and this could have contributed to Bettys sickness. Parris needed to know if she had danced because then Bettys sickness wouldnt have Just been that she was sick but that maybe she was possessed by the devil. This example of integrity was a very hard thing for Abigail to do but it was best for everyone for her to confess this sin. Journal Entry #3 Betty opened up at the end of the act as she wakes up and starts naming those involved in the devil dancing. The rest of the characters were so happy that she was wakened and the fact that she knew some of the women involved in the dancing and who was out in the forest that day. She said, l saw George Jacobs with the devil! I saw Goody Howe with the devil! I saw Martha Bellows with the devil I saw Alice Barrow with the devil This gave Parris and Mr. Putnam an idea of who all was involved the day they were dancing in the forest. Journal Entry #4 Mr. Putnam displays a great deal of integrity. He does not keep secrets and he is a very responsible man. As soon as he finds out who all was involved in the dancing, he decides to contact the marshal and to get these people taken care of so there will not be another incident like this one. He says, The marshal, Ill call the marshal, as Parris is thanking the lord for all the information that has been given to them. They want to punish these people before they get a chance to go dancing in the forest again and make anyone else ill. It is a dangerous thing that these people got involved in and the Integrity 0T Putnam wlll save many people.

Economic Crime- Collapse of Franklin National Bank Essay

Economic Crime- Collapse of Franklin National Bank - Essay Example The failure of the bank invited changes in the existing banking regulations as well as practice. The failure tempted the banking policymakers to devise new international banking methods. Cooperation was encouraged in the international financial markets so to avoid financial disasters in the future. During the 1970’s and 1960’s, many American banks were internationalized. This included the Franklin national bank also. This bank even acquired an international owner named Michele Sindona (Spero.1999). On October 1974 the US core banking sector was severely shaken by the demise of the 20th largest bank in the country, the Franklin national bank. The failure of the bank was mainly caused by mismanagement as well as fraud. The failure of the bank caused severe after effects in the economy as well as in the social setup of the country. Jail sentences were awarded to many bankers who were associated with the Franklin bank. There was a suicide in Italy. The share holders of the bank lost heavily. But the depositors of the bank were saved by the Federal Reserve form suffering loss. The bank was declared insolvent in October 8 1974. The assets of the bank were taken over by the European American bank. The Federal Reserve was responsible to save the world financial sector from a major disaster. Going back, the bank attained success under the chairmanship of Mr. Arthur. T. Roth. He joined the bank in 1934 and rose to the position of chairman. He remarkably changed the identity of the bank which was established in 1926 through a variety of measures. He changed the small time bank during the great depression times into one of the largest banks in the US history. He invested huge money in the build up process of long island. The capital of the bank when it was opened in 1926 was around $50000. During the downfall period, it had assets worth 4 billion$. Roth introduced credit cards and drive in